Cell Replication And Gene Mutation - 986 Words

Introduction Cancer disease is one the most complicated fatal disease which scientists are looking for methods to either stop or cure this malady (Hook, Ptak, Farrell, Hinkal, Panaro and Grodzinski, 2010). Based on the cancer overlook disease, the cells are transformed and infected to cancer after a while and it starts to metastasize and proliferate (ibid). The cardinal issue is that how cancer may occur based on transformation of cells and genes. To illustrate that question, there are two factors that must be carried out together preemptory; one is cell replication and gene mutation and both of which results in programmed cell death, apoptosis. (Mansoori, Mohazzabi, McCormack, and Jabbari, 2007). Veraciously, apoptosis will likely to happen when the healthy cells could not be repaired and the errors stay put on the cells (ibid). The stimuli of this kind of cells behavior still debatable (Hook et al, 2010), yet there are some explanation that how it started by a virus infection whic h is not going to be discuss in this paper. Nevertheless, there are multifarious techniques for cancer treatment clinically, one of the significant promising methods to struggle inhibition or prognosis of cancer is nanotechnology. Nanotechnology in health care defines as a science of constructing extremely small (1-100 nm) particles equipped in a system like robots which particularly interact with atoms and molecules (Sinha, Kim, Nie, and Shin, 2006). Therefore, the equipped system wereShow MoreRelatedThe Evolution Of Eukaryotic Cells1102 Words   |  5 Pagesinto its inheritance and mutation. There is enough evidence to bolster the fact that fusion between a-proteobacteria and archaebacteria is an integral event in evolution of eukaryotic cells. However, it has also been conjectured that eukaryotic cell may have originated from prokaryotes. As a part of this evolution, many mitochondrial ancestral genes were lost. These are the genes that were no longer required in their new host cell environment. All eukaryotes contain genes of mitochondrial origin inRead MoreEffective Gene Delivery And Its Effects On Hiv987 Words   |  4 PagesThere has been countless number of efforts to develop an effective gene transfer approach to treat HIV-1 infections globally. Many transgenes have been identified to inhibit in vitro HIV-1 infections. As drug resistant HIV-1 is increasingly common even with patients receiving HAART, designing drug treatment methods have been challenging. Therefore, investigation into new therapeutic approaches should continue. Gene delivery plays an important supporting role developing potential therapies directedRead MoreC-Terminal Globular Domain Of Gene Case Study1222 Words   |  5 PagesSabrina Anikina 1.i gene product: C-Terminal Globular Domain of human lamin A/C species: Homo Sapien ii homolog gene: LMNA species: Mus musculus iii ncbi identification number: NP_001002011.2 iv omim identification number: 150330 v genetic disease: Emery-Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy 3 phenotype mim numbers: 616516 2. The human gene has 17 exons and the homolog has 15 exons, but both are located on chromosome 1. The concentration of the transcript is highest in the colon ofRead MoreEssay about protien synthesis1605 Words   |  7 Pagesof a Gene nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The process of Protein Synthesis involves many parts of the cell. Unlike other similar productions, this process is very complex and precise and therefore must be done in proper sequence to work effectively. The slightest error during this process could cause the action to experience difficulty or even fail. For example, in the production of starch, glucose molecules are combined to be stored and eventually utilized as usable chemical energy. The cell can breakRead MoreSymptoms Of Werner s Syndrome1681 Words   |  7 Pagesdiscuss the symptoms of WS and how it affects patients, how the disease is acquired through genetics, how protein is correlated through biochemistry, and the current research being conducted to further understand and treat this disease. Symptoms of the mutation Werner’s syndrome is a disease that causes aging of the body that results in the development of conditions that are found in older populations by the age of 20. A WS patient will carry the disease throughout his/her life, but the symptoms typicallyRead MoreCell Cycle Regulation - Genetics1387 Words   |  6 Pages1.  What are the different restriction points of the cell cycle? Describe each. G1 (Restriction) Checkpoint * End of G1, just before onset of the S phase (DNA replication) * Yeast â€Å"start†; other eukaryotes â€Å"restriction point† * The options for the cell at this point: * divide, delay division, or exit the cell cycle * Cells can exit the cell cycle at this point into an arrested stage (G0) * When this checkpoint is passed, cdk4 and cyclin DRead MoreThe Theories Of Virus Origin1615 Words   |  7 Pagesbiological functions to be considered living organisms themselves. Viruses lack many of the abilities that scientists affiliate with living organisms. Primarily, they cannot reproduce without the help of a host cell, and do not use the normal cell-division process, mitosis, for replication. How did these entities arise and where did they come from? How did they evolve in this ever-changing world to still exist and be so prosperous? In my research I found three theories of virus origin; the theoriesRead MoreHCV Case Study840 Words   |  4 Pagesattempts to infect cultured cell lines with HCV contained in serum of infected patients resulted in no virus replication or if any, very low and variable (4). In 2005, All 3 research teams, Charles Rice, Frank Chisari and Ralf Bartenschlager team, separately developed their cell culture systems for HCV based on 2 essentia l components: a virus genome that has robust and efficient replication in tissue culture, and cells that are permissive to infection and allow effective replication of the full virus lifeRead MoreEvolutionary Theory Of Natural Selection1164 Words   |  5 Pagesdiversity from generation to generation based on changes in the gene frequency. When changes occur in an individual’s genome, known as mutations, they give the individual different characteristics that can have a negative, positive, or neutral effect. If the mutation better adapts the individual to the environment, that mutation can be passed onto a new generation. If the mutation weakens the individual to the environment, that mutation will not be able to withstand multiple generations through progenyRead MoreCompare and Contrast Tumor Suppressor Genes and Proto-Oncogenes1341 Words   |  6 PagesCompare and contrast tumour suppressor genes and proto-oncogenes. Discuss an example of how recent advances in our unders tanding of these genes have led to the development of a novel therapy that is being used in the treatment of human cancer. Cancer known in medicine as a malignant neoplasm is one of the biggest killers worldwide. In 2007, cancer caused roughly 13% (7.9 million) of the planet’s deaths (Jemal, 2011). This will more greatly affect an aging society such as ours in years to come, and

Psychological Aspects of Homosexuality - 1553 Words

The Playstation 360 In today’s entertainment market, Nintendo, Microsoft, and Sony dominate the interactive entertainment medium, with Macintosh’s i-devices rapidly cornering the handheld market. Now, if one was interested in owning a home video game console, they need to weigh the positives and negatives of their options heavily because the current generation of home consoles is frightfully expensive and once you make your choice, you’re virtually stuck with it. The current popular choice is the Nintendo Wii due to its appeal to people who only play games casually on a basis similar to say, reading for fun or movie watching. I believe common consumer with less gaming finesse would jump on the Nintendo console first, which leaves†¦show more content†¦If any of the above descriptors apply to you then know that buying a 360 means supporting an American company, Microsoft. Another exclusivity aspect to consider is the 360 and PS3’s motion sensing systems. After the popularity and financial success of the Nintendo Wii, Sony and Microsoft created motion sensing supplements to cash in on the family friendly party game crowd. The PS3 and 360’s motion sensing controller systems are more precise than the Wii’s, but because they are supplements and don’t come with the console, they increase the price for access to a relatively small library of motion control based games. However the market is growing of course and the library shall also grow. Between the PS3 and the 360, the PS3’s motion sensing system is the most expensive. In order for the system to be effective you must by the motion sensing wand and its navigation supplement as well as the camera to read the movements (Some single player games even require you to have two wands.). Traditionally, if one is getting a motion sensing game they are getting party games or fami ly games which require more controllers which increases the price significantly, making the overall package more expensive than the already pricey 360’s motion sensing camera the Kinect. After the price, personal preference is all that matters. TheShow MoreRelatedHomosexuality : Nature And Nature871 Words   |  4 PagesHomosexuality: Nature or nurture By: Clifnie francois Advance Placement Psychology Mr. Cuetara June 4 2015 Abstract The nature and nature of homosexuality is heavily debated. Some people believe that homosexuality is biologically determined and others believe it’s base on ones environment. This topic can be argue to be base on both nature and nurture. Studies conducted in the past decades support both the biological and environmentalRead MoreEssay about Sexual Orientation1077 Words   |  5 Pagesconsidered highly controversial in our world today. There are many issues that society is faced with concerning homosexuality. When thinking of homosexuality most people refer to the Bible for an answer. There is even more controversy within the Bible’s text. Not only is there reference to the Bible, but also to our mind to answer whether or not homosexuality is a moral issue. Psychological and Biological research is searching for an answer to this illustrious area of confusion. According to ShakuntalaRead MoreHuman Sexuality821 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout the ages, our society has documented homosexuality. Within our culture, homosexuality has been largely condemned. In looking at the historical perspective of homosexuality, the responses were different with each society that was dealing with it. The Greeks were okay with it due to their belief that some of their mythical gods were engaging in homosexual behavior. Christianity denounced those sexual associations and made their belief and intentions clear that this behavior was not to continueRead MoreDigging Deep: Homosexuality Revealed Essay1647 Words   |  7 Pages Did you know that homosexuality is not a mental or emotional disorder? Homosexuality has become quite a controversial topics amongst our society. Most people who realize they are homosexual are too scared to admit to the public who they really are. Then you have others who are openly confident about their sexuality as gay or lesbian. Th is issue has become more and more talked about and has developed multiple media acknowledgements. Homosexuality can be broken down into several different views. ForRead MoreIs Homosexuality A Choice?967 Words   |  4 PagesThe question of whether homosexuality is a choice remains a topic in which everyone seems to have an opinion. Whether it is for psychological or religious reasons, some people still think being gay is the worst thing you could be. Newsweek.com states that, â€Å"blaming people for being gay is like blaming them for being left-handed†. They have also stated that the APA has now cleared up on the subject of mental health in an LGBT individual, staying that is â€Å"not a mental illness or disorder with no identifiableRead MoreAdoption by homosexual couples has been a frequent debate issue among foreign countries since the1000 Words   |  4 Pagesevidences show that homosexuality is somehow inborn due to the procession of â€Å"gay gene† in certain popularity therefore it should be considered as natural since people cannot alter their sexual orientation by birth (Chicago Researchers Look for ‘Gay Gene’). Based on this, same-sex couples should be granted the same right as opposite-sex couples to enjoy a comprehensive family life by having their own kids. However, it is hardly possible to determine whether one’s homosexuality is inborn. There isRead MoreSocio-Cultural Influences On Sexuality. Socio-Cultural1156 Words   |  5 PagesSocio-Cultural Influences on Sexuality Socio-cultural influence plays a major role in sexual behaviors. It gives a better comprehension on why men are men and women are women. These socio-cultural are influenced by physical, emotional, cultural and economic aspects. Time and time again research has proven that socio-cultural influences have a significant role in human sexuality. Culture is the manner of life of the people. Thus, culture shapes the ideas of what behaviors are acceptable for men and women (KingRead MoreAnalysis Of Highsmith Moved Into The Yaddo Artist s Retreat1367 Words   |  6 Pagesand I don t know anything about the police procedure or the detective methods or working; that is an occupation in itself. It is like a puzzle, and puzzles do not interest me.† She focused on the human aspects of everything, much like the psychological community. During a time when homosexuality was considered a mental disorder, Patricia Highsmith stood out like a sore thumb in the literary community. Consequently, she turned to psychology to resolve the ‘issue’ she was dealing with. Though sheRead MorePsychology : Humanistic And Psychodynamic Approach On The Dsm, And Going A Bit Into Homosexuality1111 Words   |  5 Pagesareas of approaches such as humanistic and psychodynamic along with reading the DSM, and going a bit into homosexuality. In my findings I put together a bit of information regarding the question, to the best of my knowledge. I mention why I prefer the humanistic approach. Also I was able to local a copy of the DSM and describe about the disorder I found interesting. Last, I talked about homosexuality since there a lot of controversy regarding this topic, I stayed with what I felt was important to answerRead MoreLGBT Subculture Essay examples1428 Words   |  6 Pagesaccepted by society, looked down upon, and misjudged; however, they are human beings and deserve to be treated equally. Religion is a major aspect on why society believes that homosexuality is wrong and should not be accepted. Individuals who are against the LGBT (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender) community because of their religion believe that â€Å"homosexuality is a horrid transgression of God’s plan† (Bawer 74). They consider them sinners because they are going against God’s original intention;

Organizational Culture for Common Presumptions - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theOrganizational Culturefor Common Presumptions and Morals. Answer: Organizational Culture has been a major topic of study among researchers. The cultural dimension is vital in all aspects of organizational life (Alvesson, 2012). In any organization, people's thinking, values, and actions are guided by ideas and beliefs of a cultural nature (Alvesson, 2012). Corporate culture receives significant attention as it helps in fostering strategic initiatives. Every company nowadays has a particular personality. The unique personality that identifies an organization is its culture (Watkins, 2013). Organizational culture can be defined as a framework of common presumptions, morals, and ideologies which guides employees behaviour in an organization (Watkins, 2013). The values that people share in an organization have an impact on employees and dictate how the people act, dress and perform their work. In any organization, the management develops and maintain a distinctive culture which provides directions and scope for the employees behaviour within the organization (Watkins, 2013). Various elements make up an organization's culture. Characteristics of Organizational Culture Innovation is one of the characteristics. This means that companies usually encourage their workforce to be creative and innovate new ways of handling processes in their jobs. Attention to detail is another element which dictates the extent to which workers are expected to be accurate in their jobs (Chatman Jehn, 1994). Organizations are also expected to focus on the outcome. Emphasis on people is another element which requires companies to place importance on the impact of their decisions on employees (Chatman Jehn, 1994). Outcome-oriented organizations also encourage aggressiveness so that people can compete within the workplace (Chatman Jehn, 1994). Teamwork and stability are also critical elements of organizational culture. Organizational culture is a vital aspect of management. Every organization must ensure that its employees identify themselves with a particular culture. How employees respect the culture will determine the organization performance. References Alvesson, M. (2012). Understanding organizational culture. Sage. Chatman, J. A., Jehn, K. A. (1994). Assessing the relationship between industry characteristics and organizational culture: how different can you be?. Academy of management journal, 37(3), 522-553. Watkins, M. (2013). What is Organizational Culture? And Why Should We Care?. Harvard Business Review.

La Pelcula Nos Traslada A 1936, En Brooklyn, N.Y., Donde Se Ve Una Ma

La pel?cula nos traslada a 1936, en Brooklyn, N.Y., donde se ve una madre y su hija, ambas de origen japon?s. Se puede ver donde ambas est?n platicando como ella conoci? a su padre, y todos los conflictos que ambos tuvieron que enfrentar para poder realizar su amor. Es donde se da un retroceso en la historia y se ve un cine y un complot dentro del. Explota y se incendia. Es all? donde aparece Jack, el otro protagonista de la historia. Despu?s la pel?cula se enfoca en Little Tokio, N.Y.; un teatro japon?s es el sustento de una familia. Lily la madre la ni?a que al principio aparece en la pel?cula, es la hija predilecta y la mayor de la familia. Esta familia es de origen japon?s, pero lo que sucede es que esta se establece en EUA, es por eso que los hijos no hablan muy bien su idioma natal sino que solamente hablan el ingl?s. Es aqu? donde se puede ver un elemento cultural muy importante, la lengua, elemento esencial que determina una cultura. Adem?s de la lengua, esta familia tambi?n adopta muchos elementos culturales como la m?sica, el tipo de vestimenta y las costumbres. La m?sica que ellos escuchan es Fred Aster y los cl?sicos de Hollywood de los 30?s y 40?s. Despu?s en la pel?cula llega el momento donde Jack conoce a Lily. Esta va visitar a s u hermano para que le ayude con un dinero. Ya que Jack es todo un revolucionario que busca cambios para los trabajadores estadounidenses. Estuvo anteriormente en la carel es por eso que no tenia dinero. Cuando va visita Jack a su hermano, se toca el tema del comunismo y los derechos que se deben tener en el trabajo. Este otro punto muy importante en la pel?cula donde se puede observar como los estereotipos est?n muy bien definidos as? como los prejuicios. El pr?stamo le es negado a Jack, y donde este comienza a buscar empleo y llega al cine donde el papa de Lily es due?o. Existe una vacante, porque el anterior empleado se suicido por deshonra, ya que su mujer lo enga?aba. Este es otra ilustraci?n que nos da la pel?cula, donde las costumbres de una persona pueden ser tan arraigadas en una y en otras no, cuando se cambian de pa?s. Ya que por ejemplo aunque este se?or, no viva en Jap?n, este como quiera sigui? las costumbres que se practicaban en su pa?s. Jack comienza a trabajar de pr oyector en el cine y conoce a Lily fue amor primera vista. Pero algo se interpuso en su relaci?n primero la cuesti?n racial, a lo que en comunicaci?n intercultural le llamamos comunicaci?n inter-racial. Jack no era bien visto por el papa de Lily y muchos menos aceptaba su relaci?n. Esto debido a que el Sr. Fukjioka se quer?a casar con Lily y todo en su familia estaban a favor de que ella se casara con el, esto no era grato para Lily, ya que este hombre era viejo y sent?a repudiaci?n hacia el. Jack trata de hablar con el papa de Lily, pero esta platico no tuvo ?xito, ya que aunque Jack le habla del esfuerzo, que aunque no entiendo muy bien sus tradiciones, esta dispuesta a aprender por que ama a Lily. Ante tal situaci?n Lily huye de la casa y se casa con Jack en Seattle. Su relaci?n fructifica, ya nace una ni?a, dentro de su matrimonio las cosas cambian empiezan haber discusiones, esto es otra vez por el trabajo. Ya que Jack era un hombre col?rico y colectivista. Que buscaban el bien com?n. Despu?s en la pel?cula hay un cambio crucial ya que hay un despojo en Little Tokio, debido a la guerra que hay con EUA y Jap?n, la bomba que destruyo Hiroshima y Nagasaki. Toda la familia es traslada a un campo de concertaci?n. Donde ten?an que vivir en un establo. El papa ya no esta con ello porque sospechaban del y despu?s de un tiempo regrese con ellos. Jack se mete a la militar para poder as? visitar a Lily a su peque?a al campo de concentraci?n. Lo que sucede en el campo de concentraci?n, es que los japoneses se adaptaron a la

Other Ways of Using the Spanish Preposition ‘A’

Other Ways of Using the Spanish Preposition ‘A’ Although the Spanish preposition a is usually used to indicate motion toward and thus often translated as to, it also is frequently used to form phrases that can explain how something is done or to describe nouns as well as in time expressions. Using A to Mean ‘In the Style Of’ One common use of a is similar to its use in a few English phrases, such as a la carte and a la mode that come to us via French. This use indicates the way in which something is done or, less commonly, forms a phrase that functions as an adjective. Spanish phrases using a in this way usually cant be translated word for word, although it is often useful to think of a as meaning in the style of. Here are some examples of a being used in adverbial phrases (phrases that act like adverbs): Amar no es nada ms que andar a ciegas. (Love is nothing more than walking blindly.)Imgenes de televisià ³n muestran a un soldado ejecutando a quemarropa a una madre. (Television images show a soldier executing a mother at point-blank range.)La actriz se casà ³ a escondidas. (The actress was secretly married.)La votacià ³n se hizo a mano alzada. (The voting was done by a show of hands.)El zumo y la leche se vende a galones. (Juice and milk are sold by the gallon.)El bebà © andaba a gatas, descubriendo el mundo. (The baby is walking on all fours, discovering the world.)El sentido del olfato es a menudo el primero en advertirnos acerca de un peligro que somos incapaces de ver. (The sense of smell is often the first to warn us of a danger that we are unable to see.) A similar construction can used to form adjectival phrases (phrases that describe nouns): Walter conocià ³ a Nadia en una cita a ciegas que le ha organizado su hermano. (Walter met Nadia on a blind date that his brother set up.)Nunca entre a una casa con un nià ±o a solas. (Never enter a house with a child alone.)Era el viaje a caballo ms largo de la historia. (It was the longest horseback ride in history.) ‘A La’ Phrases It is common to form adverbial (and sometimes adjectival) phrases by using a la followed by noun that has the form of a feminine adjective. These phrases typically of the meaning of in the _____ style and are most iften used with geographical terms. There are also a few phrases beginning with a lo followed by a masculine adjective or noun. Las papas fritas a la francesa se llaman chips en Inglaterra. (French-fried potatoes are called chips in England.)Hoy en Europa es imposible un liberalismo a la americana. (Today in Europe, an American-style liberalism is impossible.)Se sirve un desayuno a la mexicana. (They serve a Mexican-style breakfast.)A la moderna, optaron por no casarse. (In the way things are done today, they chose not to marry.)El cantante dijo adià ³s a lo grande. (The singer said goodbye in style.)Se lava a lo gato. (He washes himself like a cat (i.e., while barely getting wet). Using A for ‘At’ A can also be used to indicate how often something occurs or indicate relationships in much the same as as the English at when it isnt being used in the context of a location.  ¡Un paso a la vez! (One step at a time!)Venden a dos pesos el kilo. (They sell at two pesos per kilo.)El encontrar calidad en un producto a un precio bajo puede crear ms satisfaccià ³n. (Finding quality at a product at a low price can create more satisfaction.)Le agencia aceptar a 10 por ciento de aspirantes a licenciatura. (The agency will accept applicants for licensing at a rate of 10 percent.) Using A in Time Expressions Many time expressions use a much like at and sometimes per is used: Patricia y yo salimos a las 9:30. (Patricia and I are leaving at 9:30.)Comienza a las cinco de la tarde. (It begins at 5 in the afternoon.)Muchos trabajamos 40 horas a la semana. (Many of us work 40 hours per week.) ¿Es posible amar a dos personas a mismo tiempo? (Is it possible to love two people at the same time?) Key Takeaways Although the common Spanish preposition a usually means to, it can be used in ways that dont refer to motion or location.An abundance of phrases beginning with a can function as adverbial or adjectival modifiers.A is also often used in time expressions, usually to mean at.

3 Sentences with Hyphenation Problems

3 Sentences with Hyphenation Problems 3 Sentences with Hyphenation Problems 3 Sentences with Hyphenation Problems By Mark Nichol In each of the following sentences, one or more hyphens is missing from a phrasal adjective, but another solution is available: A relaxation of the syntax is recommended, as explained following each example and demonstrated in a subsequent revision. 1. We can expect to see lighter touch regulation in the banking sector. The hyphenation problem here is a lack of a hyphen- â€Å"lighter touch,† as a phrasal adjective modifying regulation, should be hyphenated: â€Å"We can expect to see lighter-touch regulation in the banking sector.† Better yet, however, because of the somewhat obscure expression, it might be better to introduce the phrasal adjective as a modifying phrase following the noun: â€Å"We can expect to see regulation with a lighter touch in the banking sector.† 2. It is not unreasonable to question whether a Republican majority backed replacement plan is possible going forward.   The three words preceding the phrase â€Å"replacement plan† unite to provide more detail about the plan and should therefore be styled as a phrasal adjective, with hyphens connecting the words: â€Å"It is not unreasonable to question whether a Republican-majority-backed replacement plan is possible going forward.† However, this treatment is somewhat cumbersome, so a solution equivalent to the one in the previous example is merited: â€Å"It is not unreasonable to question whether a replacement plan backed by a Republican majority is possible going forward.† 3. The risks may not manifest themselves over an annual period or a three to five-year planning horizon. The phrasal adjective preceding â€Å"planning horizon, with an implied instance of year after the first number as well (and similarly hyphenated if year explicitly appears), requires suspensive hyphenation: â€Å"The risks may not manifest themselves over an annual period or a three- to five-year planning horizon.† However, to mitigate the complexity of the sentence, consider placing the modifying phrase after the noun, with hyphen(s) omitted: â€Å"The risks may not manifest themselves over an annual period or a planning horizon of three to five years.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Whimsical Words50 Idioms About Fruits and VegetablesIs Your Novel "Mystery," "Thriller," or "Suspense"?

European Presence and Influence in Africa Research Paper

European Presence and Influence in Africa - Research Paper Example Colonization was also a political move by European countries for domination of other weaker nations to exploit the natural and human resources of the land (Koggel 2006)1. Any interaction should, for moral, ethical and practical purpose benefit both sides. If it is imbalanced in favor of one of the parties, then it can be termed as exploitation. History reveals that this interaction benefited the visitors rather than the indigenous people of the land. The paper reviews the influence (both good and bad), the benefits and disadvantages to the people of Africa due to the presence and eventual colonization by Europeans (since 1800 to the present day). The degrading practice of slave trade can be cited as a valid example. This was a period when early explorers like Dr Livingston and Henry Stanley began sending reports of life in the Dark Continent. The paper will focus on two areas in this regard. Firstly a review of the positive (and negative) influence due to the forced and unforced Euro pean presence in the country. It will also look at improvements of the living conditions of the indigenous people as a result despite the existence of a lucrative slavery trade. European presence and influence in Africa – boon or bane Any form of interaction, especially between unequal forces is bound to advantageous to the stronger of the two. But even so, well-meaning and visionary individuals, groups and governments can also create a positive impact and atmosphere. This can be seen in the African continent also. One of the most well-known of early African explorers was Dr David Livingstone who initially went to the land as a missionary and medical man. Dr Livingstone was a Scottish Congregationalist and was affiliated to the London Missionary Society (Craig 2012)2. He arrived in 1841 at the port of Cape Town, but his quest for exploration led him to the interior parts of the continent in 1849 (Livingstone Online n.d.)3. He was shocked by the then existing slave trade (most ly by Arabs and Portuguese) and was very influential in curtailing this practice to a large extent. What is appreciable is that his work was based primarily in the interiors of the continent where other white men were unwilling to venture. The inhospitable terrain, lack of knowledge regarding this, and the inability to communicate with the locals were some of the main reasons for this (Morgan 2007)4. â€Å"Livingston who began his career as a Christian missionary and ultimately became best known as an explorer of the African continent, drew together in his life work these intertwined notions of empire, civilization and trade. From Livingstone’s perspective, market relations remained embedded in human society† (Bowden et al. 2006)5. In other words, Livingstone believed that the African society will benefit from industry and commerce, through cooperation and not by coercion (Bowden et al 2006). But he also believed that Western civilization especially that of Britain is the solution to most of Africa’s problems. This could be seen as an arguable outlook since many atrocities and discriminations had been wreaked upon the natives of the land (Boahen 1990)6. For example, natives who came to cities and towns for jobs were housed in ghetto like conditions. They were paid low wages and could not expect to get better positions in an organization. A Free Trade movement (a loose coalition of like minded people) was also in existence during